The contextual flow begins in Jude 8 with a portrait of Jude’s opponents, a portrait drawn from the preceding historical antecedents. The opponents carry three identifying marks: moral defilement, rejection of authority, and shocking irreverence. They resemble Sodom and Gomorrah in their sexual practices. They also bear resemblance to the angels, who astonishingly, chose to rebel against heaven’s authority and as a result were disenfranchised. The archangel Michael is meant to stand in stark contrast